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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and which has been obtained by one or more of the methods of the group comprising weaving, knitting and braiding. The invention also relates to a textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, having at least one such hybrid woven fabric that is permeable to the polymer matrix of a composite material, as well as a composite incorporating.
    公开号:FR3053702A1
    申请号:FR1656435
    申请日:2016-07-05
    公开日:2018-01-12
    发明作者:Jonas Bouchard；Alexandre Garcia
    申请人:Saint Gobain Adfors SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): SAINT-GOBAIN ADFORS.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): CABINET CAMUS LEBKIRI Limited liability company.
    FR 3 053 702 - A1
    Q4) hybrid woven fabric for composite reinforcement.
    The invention relates to a hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and which has been obtained by one or more of the methods of the group comprising weaving, knitting and braiding. The invention also relates to a textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, having at least one such hybrid woven fabric which is permeable to the polymer matrix of a composite material, as well as a composite. incorporating it.
    HYBRID WOVEN TEXTILE FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT
    Technical area
    The present invention relates generally to the field of composite materials with a polymer matrix and, more specifically, to the field of reinforcing textiles which enter into the constitution of such composite materials by being embedded in a polymer matrix.
    More specifically, the invention relates to:
    - a hybrid woven fabric characterized in that it comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers;
    - a hybrid woven fabric characterized in that it comprises inorganic fibers 10 and organic fibers and in that it was obtained by one or more of the group's methods comprising weaving, knitting and braiding; and,
    - a hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, characterized in that it comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and in that it was obtained by one or more of the group's methods including weaving, knitting and braiding.
    The invention also relates to a textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, having at least one such hybrid woven fabric which is permeable to the polymer matrix of a composite material, as well as a composite. incorporating it.
    The invention finds applications, in particular, in the manufacture of composites for the transport industry, the sports industry, the energy industry, the building industry, the construction industry, the medical industry, among others. .
    Technological background
    Currently, among other things, for the reinforcement of polymeric materials, glass fibers are used providing optimum resistance according to their use. Glass fibers, inorganic, allow in particular to considerably reduce the weight of a structure compared to steel.
    In addition to natural fibers such as flax, hemp, sisal, etc. can be used as reinforcement of polymeric materials. The use of these natural, organic fibers still allows weight gain compared to the use of fiberglass.
    A reinforcing fabric made of natural fibers consists of an intertwining of warp threads on the one hand, and weft threads on the other hand. On the other hand, the twist, the course of the threads (which depends on the weave of the fabric) and the anisotropy of the fibers can lead to a wrong orientation of the fibers and therefore to an alteration of the mechanical performances compared to a stack of layers unidirectional, for example. Furthermore, there may be, during the manufacture of the composite with a reinforcement made of natural fibers, problems of migration of the matrix within the warp threads, during the impregnation of the fibers by the matrix. Consequently, a current problem is in particular that the use of natural, organic fibers does not allow reproducibility of the mechanical characteristics of the composite incorporating them.
    The invention aims to provide a composite reinforcement of low weight, having easily reproducible mechanical characteristics.
    Prior Art
    Conventionally, a composite material comprises a structuring matrix which is made of moldable plastic, and in which one or more reinforcements are embedded. Very often, such a reinforcement comprises a structure made of artificial reinforcing fibers, in particular inorganic, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers.
    Various products based on woven glass fibers are described, for example, in documents US 4,581,053 and FR 3011255.
    In document US 2016/0047073, a hybrid textile material is proposed for the reinforcement of composites made from strips of non-woven unidirectional fibers of inorganic material (such as carbon fibers) interlaced with strips of non-woven organic material (like natural fibers). Natural fibers such as linen and cotton can thus be used as reinforcement for polymeric materials.
    In French patent application FR 2949125, a method of manufacturing a composite reinforcement is also proposed by coating a thread of natural material (linen and cotton) with a polymer material so as to form a composite reinforcement which is used in the manufacture of nonwoven textiles.
    As the French patent FR 1204132 teaches, moreover, a treatment for natural fibers intended to reinforce a plastic material, using natural fibers in the constitution of reinforcements or reinforcements for composite materials is a relatively old idea.
    In French patent application FR 2898140, it is further proposed to mix natural flax fibers with another material, using a set of combs driven successively, so that these natural flax fibers can reinforce parts composites. What is mixed with natural flax fibers can in particular take the form of threads made of polypropylene or another plastic material. Due to their different natures, however, natural flax fibers and polypropylene yarns do not exhibit the same tensile behavior, so that their mixing by means of combs cannot lead to a suitably homogeneous product.
    In document WO 2016/042556 A1, a hybrid textile material is proposed, made from a woven textile layer and a synthetic layer which is integrated by different methods.
    The fact remains, however, that there is a need to develop reinforcements for light composites but allowing better reproducibility of the mechanical properties of the composites.
    Summary of the Invention
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a lightweight, economical composite reinforcement product which has improved and reproducible mechanical properties so that it can be used in the transport industry, the sports industry, the energy, building, construction, medical, etc.
    It has been discovered that it is possible to obtain a hybrid woven fabric which comprises organic fibers and inorganic fibers which can be part of a reinforcement and that said reinforcement makes it possible to manufacture light composites but also having optimal mechanical properties. , such as excellent impact resistance.
    The Applicant has thus demonstrated a reinforcement comprising a hybrid woven fabric with organic fibers and inorganic fibers making it possible to obtain the desired mechanical properties while maintaining satisfactory lightness thanks to the combined use of organic and inorganic fibers, an appropriate weaving, and an appropriate combination of its components according to the needs of the application considered.
    Thus, a first aspect of the invention provides a hybrid woven textile product (hybrid woven textile according to the invention) comprising inorganic fibers and organic fibers which has been obtained by one or more of the group's methods comprising weaving, knitting and braiding.
    In a second aspect, the invention relates to a hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material (or hybrid woven fabric for reinforcement according to the invention), which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and what it was obtained by one or more of the group's methods including weaving, knitting and braiding
    In a third aspect, the invention also relates to a textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material (textile reinforcement according to the invention), which comprises at least one hybrid woven textile according to the first or the second. above aspect, which is permeable to the polymer matrix of composite material.
    In addition, the invention also relates, according to a fourth aspect, to a composite (composite according to the invention) which comprises a polymer matrix of composite material and at least one textile reinforcement according to the third aspect above.
    The invention will be better understood and other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the nonlimiting description which follows.
    This is purely illustrative and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
    - Figure 1 shows four examples of mixed fabrics woven according to the invention numbered A, B, C and D. The fabric A is a plain weave comprising linen warp threads and weft glass threads; fabric B is a 2x2 twill weave comprising warp flax yarns and weft glass yarns; fabrics C and D are plain weaves comprising linen threads and warp glass threads and only weft linen threads.
    - Figure 2 shows a very schematic view of a composite manufacturing process by vacuum infusion.
    Detailed description of embodiments
    A first aspect of the invention relates to a woven hybrid textile product (woven hybrid textile according to the invention) which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers.
    In embodiments, it is a woven hybrid textile product comprising yarns based on inorganic fibers, yarns based on organic fibers and / or yarns based on organic and inorganic fibers (or hybrid yarns) .
    In other words, the hybrid woven fabric of the invention may include inorganic fibers and associated organic fibers in yarns which in turn are combined by one or more of the group's methods including weaving, knitting and braiding. It is important to note that, in the woven structure of the hybrid fabric woven according to embodiments of the invention, there are always organic fibers and inorganic fibers used in the composition of the threads which form the structure of the woven hybrid fabric. .
    In the present description of embodiments of the invention the terms "textile product," textile "and" fabric "are used interchangeably.
    The term “woven textile product” or “woven textile” or “woven fabric” means any material capable of being woven and which can be divided into threads and which, unlike non-woven products, in which the fibers are kept randomly, includes an ordered intertwining of threads. The woven textile product can in particular be obtained by weaving, namely by interweaving in the same plane of threads arranged in one direction in the direction of the “warp” (hereinafter warp threads) and of threads arranged in another direction , most often perpendicular to the warp threads, in the direction of the “weft” (hereinafter called weft threads). The weft thread is a thread extending across the width. Its opposite is the warp thread extending lengthwise. It is the intertwining of these two threads that gives a fabric. It is understood that the weft can be formed by one or more parallel threads and that the warp can also be formed for one or more parallel threads. The binding obtained between these warp and weft threads is defined by a weave. Of course, weaving includes a wide variety of methods which give different types of weaves (simple weaving or canvas, double weaving, plain weave, twill or twill, satin, etc.)
    The manufacture of a hybrid woven fabric of the invention can be carried out in a conventional installation which is suitable for the manufacture of fabrics in general, and in particular for the manufacture of fabrics with yarns based on inorganic fibers such as fibers. of glass.
    The method by which these threads are woven together influences the characteristics of the fabric, including its mechanical characteristics.
    The variations in parameters thus vary the properties of the fabric: the number of threads per unit of length used in the direction of the weft and the warp (one or more wefts of warp and warp, respectively), the twist, the weave, the angle between the threads (for example between the threads of the weft and those of the warp), etc. The person skilled in the art will choose the manufacturing method and parameters most suitable for the use of the textile of the invention, depending on the specifics of the intended application.
    In an implementation of the weaving process, for adjusting the tensions between the threads and in order to maintain the constant tension between the two types of threads (threads composed of organic fibers and threads composed of inorganic fibers), co-weaving can be carried out by preparing the warp threads in different ways:
    - by direct warping on the weaving looms, the warp threads being arranged parallel to each other directly on the beam from reels arranged in a creel; or,
    - by sampling warping using a double beam on the weaving loom at a laboratory level, for example.
    The warping can also be sectional, in the sense that the warp threads are parallelized in section on the drum of the warping machine. A dressing operation then allows the chain wires to be transferred from the warper to the beam while maintaining constant tension.
    The woven textile product of the invention (therefore the crisscrossed threads) can also be manufactured by any other method by which a crisscross of threads is also obtained, such as knitting, braiding, etc. Knitting is a technique used to make a fabric from a single thread. Different knitting techniques are available to those skilled in the art such as, inter alia, weft knitting or knitting with warp or warp knitting (which allows the production of flawless articles).
    According to another aspect, the invention provides a hybrid woven fabric which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and which is obtained by one or more of the following methods: weaving, knitting and braiding.
    "Organic fibers" can, in embodiments, be synthetic fibers or natural fibers.
    As examples of natural fibers, mention may be made of vegetable fibers and animal fibers.
    The plant fibers can be chosen from the group consisting of flax, hemp, cotton, jute, nettle, sisal, coconut, raffia, abaca (from banana), broom, and more generally any vegetable fiber that can be spun.
    The animal fibers can be chosen from the group consisting of angora, cashmere, mohair, sheep's wool, camel wool, alpaca or vicuña, silk, spider threads (like spider Naphila Clavipes), and more generally any animal fiber that can be spun.
    Other organic fibers are for example artificial fibers obtained by the chemical treatment (dissolution then precipitation) of natural materials such as: milk caseins for Lanital, cellulose from various plants (pine bark, bamboo, soy, birch ) for viscose.
    The artificial fibers can be chosen from the group consisting of cellulose acetate (Rhodia), alginate, Ardil, Arlan, Casenka, Coslan, Cupro, Fibrolane, Lanital, Mérinova, Polynosique (Meryl or Zantrel), Silcool, cellulose triacetate (Rhonel), Vicara, or viscose, for example. This list is not exhaustive.
    A synthetic textile fiber is a crystalline polymer obtained after passing through a die. It can be obtained by extruding polymer granules from hydrocarbons or starch. By way of nonlimiting examples of synthetic fibers, mention may be made of fibers based on an olefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, on a polyalkylene terephthalate such as polyethylene terephthalate, on a polyester or a polyamide (such as nylon), in particular.
    “Inorganic fibers” can be chosen from the group consisting of basalt, carbon, ceramic, silica, glass, quartz, metals (such as aluminum, silver, gold, etc.) and more generally any inorganic fiber which can be spun.
    The various organic fibers and the inorganic fibers mentioned are combined to form a long set in the form of threads. Thus, the yarn used in the textile product of the invention corresponds to all products from the spinning industries, constituting an assembly of fibers having undergone a treatment (such as twisting) capable of ensuring cohesion between the fibers. It will thus be possible for the invention to use a thread proper, a ribbon, a twist, a double twist, a cable, etc.
    The organic fibers can be treated to improve their use in a reinforcement fabric of composite material.
    Thus, for a reinforcement use of composite material, the plant fibers are taken from the transformation chain of the textile industry. This industrial sector has developed techniques to separate the fibers from the rest of the plant. The techniques used to separate and present the fibers are, in particular:
    - retting: hydrolysis of the pectose which binds the fibers. This can be done in water (running or not), on the ground or industrially using chemicals or enzymes. For flax, rusting on the ground is the most common;
    - grinding: fragmentation of the woody parts;
    - scutching: separation of woody fragments from the wood of the plant; and
    - combing and carding: disentangling of fibers.
    To obtain high-performance composite materials, additional treatments may be necessary: separation of the fibers, cleaning of their surface, improvement of the wetting of the fibers by the polymer, obtaining of a quality fiber / matrix bond and, in certain cases, reduction of the hydrophilic nature (presence of hydroxide groups). Wetting is a necessary but not sufficient condition to obtain good adhesion. In a composite material, the fiber / matrix adhesion plays a very important role in the transmission of stresses between the fibers and the resistance to aging. The choice of (or) treatment (s) is made according to the nature of the fibers. These treatments use different products or “additives.
    Non-limiting examples of treatments of the aforementioned kind are in particular:
    - chemical treatments to modify the surface composition of the fibers and create chemical bonds with the polymer, using, for example, compounds such as silanes, isocyanates and carboxylic acids;
    - functionalized polymers; instead of modifying the surface of the fibers beforehand with a chemical compound, it is possible to directly functionalize the polymer which plays the role of compatibilizing agent. To the polymer chain is added a reactive functional group with respect to cellulose, for example polypropylene modified with maleic anhydride;
    - physico-chemical treatments such as ozonation, cold plasma and electron beam irradiation;
    - an alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide to remove the lignin (generally present in the common plate), the pectin and the waxes covering the external surface. This type of treatment causes an increase in surface roughness, swelling, stabilization of the fibers and a reduction in the hydrophilic tendency;
    - acetylation treatments with acetic anhydride. This type of treatment is used to stabilize the cell wall (reaction with cellulose and hemicellulose), and increase dimensional stability and resistance to environmental degradation;
    - heat treatments at a temperature above 180 ° C. These types of treatments, carried out under an inert atmosphere, act on the properties of hemicelluloses and lignin, which improves both dimensional stability and durability;
    - treatments to improve fire resistance; and,
    - enzymatic treatments allowing, by the choice of enzymes, to attack the dividing lamellae ensuring cohesion within the fiber bundles and therefore to facilitate their extraction and to modify their surface.
    Organic fibers and inorganic fibers can also be treated to improve fiber / matrix adhesion with a chemical surface treatment called sizing. The sizing consists in applying a sizing composition comprising at least one agent making it possible to ensure protection against abrasion, in particular when passing the threads through the dies of the loom, increasing the rigidity of the filaments, improving the fiber / matrix interface and prepare the bond (for example glass / resin), facilitate the impregnation by the resin during the implementation and eliminate electrostatic charges.
    In embodiments, the organic and / or inorganic fibers which form the threads of the hybrid woven fabrics according to embodiments of the invention are thus treated with a sizing composition.
    The amount of size (dry extract) deposited on the organic and / or inorganic fibers of the hybrid woven fabric of the invention is of the order of 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.3 to 3% in weight. The carrier liquid generally used is water, which represents 85 to 95% of the sizing composition.
    For the sizing compositions for glass strands, reference may be made to the sizing agents described in the book “Reinforcing glass fibers” Engineering technique, Plastics and Composites treaties. By way of example, the size used in the present invention comprises the following elements:
    - a film-forming agent (3 to 10%) which binds the filaments together and therefore brings integrity and protection to the thread, and which will allow impregnation with a matrix. It is mainly composed of polyvinyl acetate, epoxy or polyester resins, starch, etc. ;
    - lubricants (0.05 to 1%) which have a role of protection against abrasion during handling of the wire. Their main components are ammonium surfactants and amines;
    - an antistatic agent (0 to 0.3%) which has the role of eliminating electrostatic charges. It is an alkylaryl sulfonate or a quaternary ammonium salt; and,
    - a coupling agent (0.2 to 0.7%) which will allow the creation of bonds with on the one hand the matrix and on the other hand the fiber, it is generally an organosilane, a titanate or a zirconate.
    The glass strands according to the invention are necessarily provided with a size of the aforementioned type. This results from their manufacturing process which includes a compulsory step of applying a sizing composition to the filaments during their stretching and before they are gathered into one or more threads as explained below.
    Thus, in the present description, we speak of “additives” to designate in a nonlimiting manner any product added according to the treatments mentioned above: in particular a size as mentioned previously (only when applied to filaments or organic threads) but also functionalized polymers, dyes, UV absorbers, softeners, flame retardants etc. giving particular properties to the fabric of the invention.
    In one embodiment, the hybrid woven fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the additive is chosen from a size (for organic yarns), functionalized polymers, dyes, UV absorbers, softeners, flame retardants etc.
    In a particular embodiment, the hybrid woven fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the organic fibers are treated with a sizing composition, it being understood that the inorganic fibers are necessarily treated with a sizing composition as indicated above .
    In another particular embodiment, the mixed woven fabric of the invention comprises, in addition to organic and inorganic fibers, from 0.1% to 20% by weight of one or more additives, preferably a size, in particular 0 , 2 to 10% by weight of one or more additives, preferably a size, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight of one or more additives, preferably a size.
    As mentioned previously, the “inorganic” fibers can be chosen from the group consisting of basalt, carbon, ceramic, silica, glass, quartz, metals (such as aluminum, silver, gold , copper, etc.) and more generally any inorganic fiber that can be spun.
    The inorganic fiber yarns used in the present invention are, inter alia
    a) yarns made up of parallel, twist-free continuous filaments (or basic yarns); these products are called furrows for glass; or,
    b) assemblies of several basic threads called rovings (or "rovings" in English).
    The abovementioned wires are twist-free wires. Although being less efficient, it is part of the invention of such twisted yarns which have at least 5, at least 10, at least 15 or at least 20 turns / m.
    Glass fibers which can be used according to the invention and their manufacturing process are described, for example, in the book "Reinforcing glass fibers", Engineering techniques, Plastics and composites treaty or in document FR2910462. The glass strands are produced in a known manner by mechanical drawing of molten glass filaments flowing from the multiple orifices of a die to form filaments which are then gathered into one or more strands, each collected on a sleeve supported by a winder . The glass used in the constitution of the wires can be of any type, for example E, C, E-CR, D, R, A, S, S2, AR (alkali-resistant). Glass E is preferred.
    The diameter of the glass filaments constituting the strands can vary to a large extent, for example from 5 to 24 μm, preferably from 6 to 16 μm and better still from 8 to 13 μm. Likewise, wide variations can occur in the linear mass of the wire which can range from 10 to 10,000 tex and preferably from 100 to 2,500 tex.
    In a preferred embodiment, the hybrid woven fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the fibers have a linear mass of between 10 and 10,000 tex and a fiber diameter of between 5 and 24 µm.
    In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic yarns consist of more than 50% by weight of glass, preferably more than 75% and advantageously 100%.
    In a particular embodiment, the inorganic wire (for example glass) may be bare or provided with a layer based on a polymer, preferably of the same chemical nature as the polymer used for the production of the composite.
    In a particular embodiment, an inorganic yarn can be composed, for example, of inorganic filaments (such as for example glass filaments) and of thermoplastic filaments which are intimately mixed or assembled, as detailed in the document FR 2973367.
    The different organic fibers can be combined to form yarns with organic fibers of different natures in different proportions, for example yarns composed of flax and cotton fibers, silk and linen, etc.
    Different inorganic fibers can be combined to form mixed inorganic yarns in different proportions, for example yarns composed of glass and carbon fibers, etc.
    Also, the threads can be hybrid, that is to say, composed of organic and inorganic fibers in different proportions, such as threads made of flax fibers and glass fibers. In a particular embodiment, at least one of the threads (of the weft or the warp) of the mixed woven fabric of the invention is a hybrid thread. In a particular embodiment, the hybrid yarns comprise from 5 to 95% by weight of the organic fibers, from 5 to 95% by weight of the inorganic fibers and from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more additives chosen by the components mentioned previously (for example a sizing): in particular from 10 to 40% by weight of inorganic fibers, from 30 to 90% by weight of organic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% of one or more additives, in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of inorganic fibers, from 70 to 90% by weight of organic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more additives, in particular from 15 to 25% by weight of inorganic fibers, from 75 to 85% organic fibers and from 0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more additives; in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of organic fibers, from 70 to 90% by weight of inorganic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more additives, in particular from to 25% by weight of organic fibers, from 75 to 85% by weight of inorganic fibers and from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more additives; the sum of the organic fibers, the inorganic fibers and the additive (s) being equal to 100%. In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic fibers are glass fibers, the organic fibers are flax fibers and the additive is a size applied to the organic filaments or yarns, in particular from 35 to 45% by weight of glass fibers , from 40 to 55% by weight of flax fiber and from 1 to 5% by weight of sizing.
    As mentioned previously, in the woven structure of the woven hybrid fabric of the invention, there must always be organic fibers and inorganic fibers in the composition of the threads which form said fabric. The nature and the proportion of organic fibers and inorganic fibers in the threads which form the structure of the woven hybrid fabric of the invention will be chosen according to the use and the weaving method of the fabric of the invention. For example, if the fabric of the invention is produced by knitting, the threads will be hybrid threads with organic and inorganic fibers (for example hybrid threads of flax and glass) or in knitting one or more organic threads and one or several inorganic threads are used together.
    In a particular embodiment, the organic fibers represent at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, in particular at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 70% in particular at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, in particular at least 95% by weight of the total mass of the hybrid fabrics woven according to the invention.
    In a particular embodiment, the inorganic fibers represent at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, in particular at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 70% in particular at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, in particular at least 95% by weight of the total mass of the mixed fabrics woven according to the invention.
    In a particular embodiment, the hybrid woven fabric of the invention comprises from 5 to 95% by weight of organic fibers, from 5 to 95% by weight of inorganic fibers and from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more selected additives by the additives mentioned previously (for example a sizing); in particular from 10 to 40% by weight of inorganic fibers, from 30 to 90% by weight of organic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% of one or more additives, in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of inorganic fibers, 70 to 90% by weight of organic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more additives, in particular from 15 to 25% by weight of inorganic fibers, from 75 to 85% of organic fibers and from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more additives; in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of organic fibers, from 70 to 90% by weight of inorganic fibers and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more additives, in particular from 15 to 25% by weight of organic fibers , from 75 to 85% by weight of inorganic fibers and from 0 to 20% by weight of one or more additives; the sum of the organic fibers, the inorganic fibers and the additive (s) being equal to 100%. In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic fibers are glass fibers, the organic fibers are flax fibers and the additive is a size, in particular from 15 to 25% by weight of glass fibers, from 75 to 85% by weight of flax fibers and 1 to 5% by weight of size.
    In a particular embodiment, the threads of the fabric of the invention are composed of organic threads with 100% organic fibers and inorganic threads with 100% inorganic fibers, that is to say without any other additive.
    In another particular embodiment, the organic threads of the fabric of the invention are composed of at least 50% by weight of organic fibers and the inorganic threads of at least 50% by weight of inorganic fibers, the remainder being one or more additives.
    In another particular embodiment, the organic threads of the fabric of the invention are composed of at least 30% by weight of organic fibers and the inorganic threads of at least 30% of inorganic fibers, the remainder being one or more additives.
    The textile structure of the invention can be obtained by any type of textile process which gives a woven fabric, that is to say with interwoven threads. It can for example be weaving, knitting, braiding, etc. The textile structure of the invention could therefore be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a braid or a composition formed from all or part of these.
    The composition of the threads will be chosen according to the desired characteristics of the final product.
    According to a particular embodiment, the hybrid woven textile structure can be obtained by weaving. Weaving is the interweaving in the same plane of threads arranged in a first direction in the direction of the “warp” and of threads arranged in another direction, preferably perpendicular to the threads of the warp, in the direction of the “weft ”. Multiple combinations can be envisaged respectively for the composition of the warp and weft threads, but the final fabric will always have organic fibers and inorganic fibers:
    - weft yarns composed of 100% organic fibers and warp yarns composed of 100% inorganic fibers;
    - weft yarns composed of 100% inorganic fibers and warp yarns composed of 100% organic fibers;
    - weft yarns composed of at least 99% by weight of organic fibers and warp yarns composed of at least 99% by weight of inorganic fibers;
    - weft yarns composed of at least 70% by weight of organic fibers and warp yarns composed of at least 70% by weight of inorganic fibers;
    - hybrid weft yarns and warp yarns composed of 100% organic fibers;
    - hybrid weft yarns and warp yarns composed of 100% inorganic fibers;
    - hybrid warp and weft yarn composed of 100% organic fibers;
    - hybrid warp and weft yarn composed of 100% inorganic fibers; or,
    - hybrid weft yarns and hybrid warp yarns.
    In a particular embodiment, the woven textile structure of the invention is obtained by weaving and is characterized in that the warp and / or the weft comprise more than one thread per unit of length, that is to say 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, from 20 to 30, from 30 to 40, from 40 to 50, from 50 to 60, from 60 to 70, from 70 to 100 threads per centimeter.
    Taking into account that the spinning industry can provide yarns with a very variable linear mass (mass in grams / 1000 meters of yarn) (for example from 34 to 10,000 tex), it is possible to obtain fabrics with a grammage wish. For example, by combining threads of reduced linear mass in the warp and / or weft direction, fabrics of low grammage can be obtained.
    Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the chain comprises one or more threads based on organic fibers and / or one or more threads based on inorganic fibers and / or one or more hybrid threads; and the weft comprises one or more threads based on organic fibers and / or one or more threads based on inorganic fibers and / or one or more hybrid threads. The different possibilities and compositions of the different yarns (organic, inorganic and hybrid yarns) have been described previously.
    It will again be noted that in the woven structure of the woven mixed fabric of the invention there must always be organic fibers and inorganic fibers.
    It is also understood that multiple variants exist and that one or more of the other additives already mentioned such as sizes, functionalized polymers, dyes, UV absorbers, softeners, flame retardants, etc., may be part of it. weft and / or warp threads.
    In a preferred embodiment the mixed woven fabric of the invention is manufactured by weaving and comprises from 50 to 90% by weight of organic fibers (preferably linen), from 10 to 50% by weight of inorganic fibers (preferably glass ) and from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more additives chosen by the additives mentioned previously (for example a size); and the warp comprises two organic threads (preferably linen) and one inorganic thread (preferably glass) per centimeter and the weft comprises one or more organic threads (preferably linen) per centimeter.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to a woven hybrid textile whose composition by weight is from 5 to 95% of organic fibers, from 5 to 95% of inorganic fibers and from 0 to 20% of at least one additive; preferably 70 to 90% organic fibers, 10 to 30% inorganic fibers, and 0 to 20% of at least one additive.
    In one embodiment, the woven hybrid fabrics are produced by weaving and advantageously have:
    a content by weight of organic fibers (preferably flax) of between 50 to 90%, especially between 60 to 90%, especially between 70 and 90%, especially between 80 and 90% by weight of the total mass;
    a content by weight of inorganic fibers (preferably glass) of between 10 and 50%, especially between 10 and 40%, especially between 10 and 30%, especially between 10 and 20% by weight of the total mass;
    from 0 to 10% by weight of at least one additive chosen by the additives mentioned previously;
    - a warp which comprises between 1 and 10, between 2 and 8, between 2 and 5 organic threads (preferably linen) per centimeter and between 1 and 10, between 2 and 8, between 2 and 5 inorganic threads (preferably in glass) per centimeter; and,
    - a weft that includes one or more organic threads (preferably linen).
    According to an advantageous embodiment, the woven hybrid fabrics are produced by weaving and advantageously have:
    - a content by weight of organic fibers (preferably linen) between 65% and 85% by weight of the total mass;
    - a content by weight of inorganic fibers (preferably glass) of between 15 and 25% by weight of the total mass;
    - from 0 to 3% by weight of at least one additive chosen by the additives mentioned previously;
    - A chain which comprises between 1 and 5, preferably 2 organic threads (preferably linen) and between 1 and 5, preferably 1 inorganic thread (preferably glass); and,
    - a weft that includes an organic yarn (preferably linen).
    In another embodiment, again, the woven hybrid fabrics are produced by weaving and advantageously have:
    a content by weight of organic fibers (preferably flax) of between 50 to 90%, especially between 60 to 90%, especially between 70 and 90%, especially between 80 and 90% by weight of the total mass;
    a content by weight of inorganic fibers (preferably glass) of between 10 to 50%, especially between 10 and 40%, especially between 10 and 30%, especially between 10 and 20% by weight of the total mass;
    - from 0 to 10% by weight of at least one additive chosen from the additives mentioned previously;
    - a warp which includes one or more organic threads (preferably linen); and,
    - a weft which comprises between 1 and 10, between 2 and 8, between 2 and 5 organic threads (preferably linen) per centimeter and between 1 and 10, between 2 and 8, between 2 and 5 inorganic threads (preferably in glass) per centimeter.
    In general, the wires used in the present invention have a linear mass between 10 and 10,000 tex, in particular between 34 and 5000 tex, in particular between 100 and 1000 tex, in particular between 500 and 3000 Tex. Preferably, the linear mass of the wires is between 300 and 2500 tex. Advantageously, the linear density of the organic yarns is lower than that of the inorganic yarns.
    The woven hybrid textiles advantageously have:
    a thickness of less than 30 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1 mm and 4, in particular between 1.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 2 and 3.5 mm and / or
    - A surface mass of between 30 and 3000 g / m 2 , preferably between 100 and 2000 g / m 2 , preferably between 100 and 1200 g / m 2 , preferably between 100 and 1000 g / m 2 .
    The invention also aims to allow the manufacture of composite materials from reinforcements based on the hybrid woven fabric of the invention.
    To this end, the invention provides a hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material (or hybrid woven fabric for reinforcement according to the invention), which comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and in this that it was obtained by one or more of the group's methods including weaving, knitting and braiding.
    In one embodiment, the hybrid woven fabric for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material (or hybrid woven fabric for reinforcement according to the invention) is characterized in that it comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers , in that it is obtained by one or more of the methods of the group comprising weaving, knitting and braiding, and in that it is permeable to the polymer matrix of composite material.
    According to another aspect of the invention, it is a textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, characterized in that it comprises at least one hybrid woven textile according to the invention ( or hybrid reinforcing woven fabric according to the invention) which is permeable to the polymer matrix of composite material.
    The reinforcement of the invention unquestionably makes it possible to obtain light composites with improved mechanical performance.
    The present invention relates to a woven textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, characterized in that it comprises organic fibers and inorganic fibers and in that the woven textile reinforcement is permeable to polymer matrix of composite material.
    Characteristics, compositions, etc. hybrid woven textiles according to the invention have been previously described and are included.
    By “hybrid woven textile product according to the invention permeable to the composite polymer matrix” is meant a fabric where the spaces between the threads of the woven fabric (for example between the threads of the weave) must be large enough to allow passage at least partial of the composite polymer matrix. It is indeed important that the composite polymer matrix can impregnate the fabric by passing between the warp and weft threads but also between the fibers constituting the organic threads and the inorganic threads.
    In a particular embodiment, the composite may consist of several layers of fabric according to embodiments of the invention as previously described. Optionally, layers of woven hybrid fabric of the invention can be used with layers of non-woven fabric or other non-mixed woven fabrics known in the art (for example, 100% glass or 100% linen) to form another type of reinforcement.
    The present invention also relates to a reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, characterized in that it comprises or less a layer of woven hybrid textile product of the invention permeable to the composite polymer matrix .
    According to a particular embodiment, the reinforcement of the invention has at most 50 layers of woven hybrid textile of the invention, in particular from 2 to 10, in particular from 5 to 20, in particular from 20 to 30 layers, and preferably between 4 and 15 layers. The number of layers will be chosen according to the desired application and the type of composite.
    The hybrid woven fabric of the invention forming part of the reinforcement of the invention has a surface mass which varies from 30 to 3000 g / m 2 , preferably from 100 to 2000 g / m 2 , advantageously from 100 to 1200 g / m 2 and better still from 100 to 1000 g / m 2 .
    The woven textile reinforcement of the invention can be used for the manufacture of a composite material. The type of textile structure of the invention forming the composite material will be chosen according to the intended use of said composite material.
    Therefore, the subject of the present invention is a composite (composite according to the invention) characterized in that it comprises or less a textile reinforcement according to the invention and a matrix of polymer of composite material.
    In the present invention, the expression “polymer matrix of a composite material” means any polymer transformed in the liquid state.
    The matrix can be thermoplastic, for example, but not limiting: polyesters, vinyl ester resins, polyurethanes (PU), poly (bismaleimides), poly lactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylenes (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and more generally, any available thermoplastic material whose melting temperature will be at most equal, better substantially lower than the degradation temperature of the plant fibers chosen for the mixed woven textile of the invention, for example, in particular for safety, at least 10 ° C. below the temperature degradation of selected plant fibers.
    It should be noted that the degradation temperature of the vegetable fibers is between 200 ° C and 230 ° C.
    The matrix can also be thermosetting resins as for example, but not limiting: urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamineformaldehyde (MF) or phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins, polyepoxides or epoxides (EP), polybismaleimides (BMI) , thermosetting polyimides (PIRP), crosslinked polyurethanes (PUR), unsaturated polyesters (UP), vinylesters (VE), vulcanized elastomers, polyisocyanurates and polysiloxanes.
    Finally, the matrix can be a biopolymer, such as for example:
    - microbial polymers which are secreted by microorganisms after fermentation of natural raw materials (for example glucose); and,
    - polymers from plants, the best known of which are starch, cellulose and lignin; polymers produced by chemical polymerization of biological entities such as polylactic polymers. Lactic acid is produced by fermentation of sugars (beets, potatoes, corn) but can also be synthesized chemically.
    For thermoplastic matrices, in one embodiment, the fibers (organic and inorganic) used for the manufacture of the threads of the fabric of the reinforcement are pre-impregnated. Pre-impregnated reinforcements have a certain number of advantages compared to molded reinforcements with the addition of liquid resin in situ:
    - the resin content is well controlled;
    - the workplace is cleaner;
    - the roughness makes it possible to put the layers in place and to keep them there;
    - the resulting composite is more efficient and the operations are more easily reproducible; and,
    - the pressure of the vapors (possibly toxic) emitted by the resin or its adjuvants is lower.
    In a particular embodiment, the prepreg reinforcement is produced by introducing spherical particles of the polymer chosen between the filaments of the organic and / or inorganic fibers. The resulting thermoplastic matrix composite can be heated, shaped and then cooled, and in this way retain the geometry which has been imposed on it, this operation being reversible. The most often used thermoplastic matrices are polyolefins (polyethylenes and polypropylene) but also polymers of plant origin, biodegradable or not.
    In another particular embodiment, the reinforcement of the invention is chemically linked. To do this, we applied a chemical binder of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type, generally in powder form, and we then proceed to a heat treatment which melts the thermoplastic or hardens the thermosetting (by polymerization and / or crosslinking) and finally after cooling creates bridges between the wires.
    The binder can be used in liquid form (which includes solution, emulsion, suspension), deposited by a device of the cascade or spraying type, or in the form of powder, deposited by a powder distributor, or in the form of a film.
    In general, the binder can be used in the form of a powder, which can be sprayed onto the layer or structure to be bonded. This binder can also be used in the form of a film placed between the layers to be joined. A suitable heat treatment then melts and then possibly hardens a binder compound so that it permeates the various points that it must connect. In the case where the binder comprises a thermoplastic polymer, the heat treatment melts this polymer so that it permeates different places in the structure, the return to ambient temperature resulting in a solid bridging between the different points to be connected . For the case where the binder comprises a thermosetting compound (in particular a polymer), the heat treatment causes this compound to crosslink and / or polymerize (if necessary after melting) so that it connects the various places with solid bridges. connect. In both cases (thermoplastic or thermosetting binder), the heat treatment also serves to evaporate any solvent used for its application. The chemical compound can be a polyester resin of the thermosetting or thermoplastic type. As crosslinkable binder (thermosetting), an acrylic polymer can be used.
    The hybrid woven textile reinforcement of the invention can be used with a multiplicity of polymer matrices of composite material. For each type of polymer matrix, the mixed woven textile reinforcement of the invention can be adapted. For example, for use with alkaline matrices (such as cement), the reinforcement of the invention can be covered (coated) with protective materials as described in patent US2005 / 0009428.
    Processes for shaping the composite of the invention
    The composite of the invention comprising a woven hybrid textile of the invention can be obtained by any type of composite manufacturing process which gives a composite and in which the resin is capable of penetrating into the weaving of the reinforcement of the invention and to impregnate it, it can for example be processes by extrusion, infusion under vacuum or not, low pressure injection molding of liquid resin (RTM), “hand lay up”, SMC (sheet mouiding compound), autoclave and bulk mouiding (BMC), preferably vacuum infusion.
    The final composite must generally have the best possible impact resistance, the least possible uncontrolled porosity (no gas bubbles involuntarily trapped), and the best possible surface appearance, in particular the edge (narrow face) of the final parts.
    The advantages of the composite reinforcement of the invention result in particular from its low weight comparable to natural fibers but having better mechanical characteristics, for example impact resistance, than the latter.
    The invention finds applications, in particular, in the manufacture of composites for the transport industry, the sports industry, the energy industry, the building industry, the construction industry, the medical industry, among others. . In these applications, the response to the mechanical resistance constraints must be obtained while keeping light objects.
    Examples
    The advantages presented by the fabrics according to the invention, the reinforcements according to the invention and the composites according to the invention will be better appreciated through the following examples, illustrating the present invention without however limiting it.
    FIG. 1 shows four examples of hybrid woven fabrics with linen threads and associated glass threads. In these examples, different co-weaving methods were used (canvas, 2/2 twill) to obtain this combination of fibers. It should be noted that weaving is not, however, the only method envisaged for achieving the association of organic fibers and inorganic fibers according to the invention, since knitting and braiding are possible alternatives.
    In the example considered here, the organic fibers are linen threads and the inorganic fibers are glass threads. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that the embodiments of the invention are by no means limited to this example.
    The wires used are for example:
    - twist-free linen threads - Nattex 1300 tex from DEHONDT
    - twistless glass yarns - Zerotwist - from Vetrotex - 2400 tex (EC22 2400 T99C) (weft yarn); and or,
    - untwisted glass threads - Zerotwist - from Vetrotex - 2040 tex (EC20 2040 T99C) (warp thread).
    Preferably, the flax yarns have a size allowing their mechanical strength and their cohesion during weaving in a loom. This sizing is also compatible with the polymer matrix used during the preparation of the final composite.
    For the adjustment of the tensions between the threads and in order to maintain the constant tension between the two types of threads, co-weaving can be carried out by preparing the warp threads in different ways, namely, for example:
    - by direct warping on the looms in the factory, the warp threads being arranged parallel to each other directly on the beam from reels arranged in a creel; or,
    - by sampling warping with the use of a double beam on the loom, for implementation in the laboratory.
    The warping can also be sectional, in the sense that the linen warp threads and the glass warp threads are parallelized in section on the warping drum. A dressing operation then allows the chain wires to be transferred from the warper to the beam while maintaining constant tension.
    Table 1 below brings together different samples numbered from B1 to B10. This table presents the properties of the different fabrics, namely, in the example considered here: the reference of each sample (in which the letter F designates linen, the letter G designates glass and the number designates grammage), grammage (in g / m 2 ), the type of warp, the type of weft and the type of weave.
    Samples B1 and B4 are 2/2 canvas and twill fabrics composed only of 1,300 tex flax.
    Samples B7 and B8 are 2/2 canvas and twill fabrics composed only of 2400 tex glass yarns.
    Samples B9 and B10 are non-woven fabrics of flax and glass respectively with two types of grammage, namely 350 g / m 2 and 600 g / m 2 , respectively.
    Samples B2, B3, B5 and B6 are hybrid woven fabrics of flax and glass.
    Sample B2 is a hybrid cloth fabric with a grammage of 850 g / m 2 and composed of linen threads (1300 tex) in warp and glass threads (2400 tex) in weft.
    Sample B3 is a 2/2 twill hybrid fabric with a grammage of 850 g / m 2 and composed of linen threads (1300 tex) in warp and glass threads (2400 tex) in weft.
    Sample B5 is a hybrid cloth fabric with a grammage of 575 g / m 2 and composed of 2 linen threads (1300 tex) and 1 glass thread (2040 tex) in warp, on the one hand, and linen yarn (1300 tex) in the weft, on the other hand.
    Sample B6 is a hybrid cloth fabric with a grammage of 550 g / m 2 and composed of 1 linen thread (1300 tex) and 1 glass fiber thread (2040 tex) in warp, on the one hand, and weft linen thread (1300 tex), on the other hand.
    B1 P1 - / F 500 i. n 1300 tex - 1.5 threads '' Lt- 1300 tex 2.4 son-Vri P1 F / G 8 50 850 n 1300 tex - 15 fiis.'cm Glass - 2-100 tex - 2 '' Is'cn lotit B 3 T2 Γ / G 850 L-n 1300 tex - 1.5 threads / cm T2 RF 450 450 _ Tl 1300 le ·., 1 5 fih.cm Read 1300 tex 2 ^ r li , urn - 1. Bi IIIjiiijuj !! fj | iiliiill - 1 5 fi.s / cm L, r 1300 tex 24f | 5iern B6 “PTfSf55o“ ........ sB Mix 1 thread of Lin i 1 thread of glass - I ir. 1300-ex - Canvas 1.5 threads / cm Linen: 1300 tex i Glass 2040 tex 15 ’ ΙΙΙΒβΙΒβΙΙΙ iimm ΙβΙΙβΒββΐΗβΒΒΙΙΒΒβί VrrfA - 4.no ’mc - 7 7 f hmun • Jli ~ '2 Ü / G 1 IÛ0 1100 2040 tex glass - 1.5 threads / cm •. 't- Age 2-2 b y . - B10 V3 G 600 600 Nonwoven
    Table 1: Properties of woven and non-woven fabrics
    The different fabrics (B1 - B10) described in Table 1 are used as reinforcements for the manufacture by the technique of vacuum infusion of ten composites R1 to R10. In the example illustrated, the resin is an orthophthalic polyester (NORSODYNE 115284 which can be obtained from POLYNT Composites). This resin, which is classified in ortho-resins, is a cold-cast material (at a temperature of around 20 ° C). The catalyst material used is for example PMEC organic peroxide (which can be obtained from SF Composites) and the accelerator used can be Cobalt octoate with 6% active oxygen (which can be obtained from from FOURNIER Composites).
    Consolidated composite textile structures are then obtained. The resulting composites (R1 to R10) are represented in Table 2 with their characteristics such as the quantity of linen (in percentage by weight wt.%), The quantity of glass (in percentage by weight wt.%), The number layers of fabric, the thickness of the reinforcement (in mm), the percentage by volume of reinforcement and the
    density of the composite obtained. Sample Nomenclature Weight LIN Weight Glass Density of Nb of on N ! Ref fabric <wî,%) (wt%) fibrous reinforcement layers R1 Pt 5CC R Pifie'l "; 1.5 ' 1 ί !! Ι1β1 !! · 1! 11¾¾¾¾ IIBIIIIIII R-- κιΟβί iii : y 1.1 1 111! Β · Ι1 · 11 · 1! · Βϊ · β · 1 · Ie . R6 - 1 SÏJ ................... 1 7 i R Z Û βίΒΙΙΙΙ RS:: i τβ 2, β < illlllllllllRIO v 7 L_ G -ü j (i = = “Tr - < And 'tiantill Ep.ns within El. I:. -, · I he! 1 |!, ·· it ” □ ensile of : 1, reinforcement (inmt ‘1 1! l-.ll - ·mml 1 him composite L Rï ............ R i MW <22f ^ 6 1.688 î d 6 z ί R4 ;; :::: iio :::::: iC / : ..................... ::::::::: b: '; :; :: 7001 j. „.. 1Ι | ΒΜ1ΜΜΙΙ | 1 j. R6 1.327 - G 32 057 RZ ΙΙΙΙΙΙΙΙβί e® L- *! _. - 468ll1 ' Jl ''IIJ; | i UI U l 1,713 J R9 3 47 Μ / ΤΤΤΙΤΤΟΟ’β j RIO - TT 2150 Ùb 1,897
    Table 2: Characteristics of the different composites
    We will now describe how to determine the properties of the textiles considered.
    Various mechanical tests were first carried out to assess the performance of the composites reinforced with the hybrid woven fabrics of the invention in comparison with traditional fabrics (comprising 100% linen or 100% glass) and with non-woven fabrics. -woven.
    Still for comparison purposes, the tensile strength and the flexural strength of composites were measured with non-woven reinforcements: a composite with a reinforcement based on flax threads only (sample 9) and a composite with a reinforcement based on glass threads only (sample 10) and unitary woven reinforcements (samples R1, R4, R7 and R8) and hybrids, that is to say with associated glass and linen threads (samples R2 , R3, R5 and R6).
    Tests to evaluate the tensile elasticity module of the composites were carried out according to the specifications of standard NF EN ISO 5274 July 97- Type 3.
    The associated test conditions for the tensile test are as follows:
    - Tensile test conditions according to standard NF EN ISO 5274 July 1997-Type 3;
    - Test conditions: 21.6 ° C, 51.3% RH;
    - Packaging: Dry;
    - Preload: 1 MPa;
    -Test speed: 2 mm / min; and,
    - L0 - standard stroke: 50 mm.
    Tests to assess the modulus of elasticity in bending of composites were carried out according to the specifications of standard NF EN ISO 14125.
    The associated test standards and conditions for the bending test are as follows:
    - 3-point bending test conditions according to standard NF EN ISO
    14125:
    - Test conditions: 21.5 ° C, 50.5% RH
    - Packaging: Dry
    - Preload: 10N
    -Test speed: 5 mm / min
    - Distance between supports: 81 mm
    - Radius of the support rollers: 5 mm
    - Radius of the bending punch: 5 mm
    - Distance between the probes: 96 mm
    Table 3A collates the tensile strength measurements of composites with woven and nonwoven reinforcement as well as composites with mixed or unitary reinforcement. The tensile strength of the composites was measured in the warp direction and in the weft direction.
    Table 3B collects the measurements of the bending strength of the composites with woven and nonwoven reinforcement as well as the composites with mixed or unitary reinforcement. The bending strength of the composites was measured in the warp direction and in the weft direction.
    Modulus of elasticity in tone de® tract
    (AT)
    ZÛSGlass / Sm (B)! ΒΒβϋ ·
    Lin Glass Ίστ-ΐ ïjez
    Table 3: Modulus of elasticity in tension (A) and in bending (B) of the composites of Table 2
    It is noted that the composites with woven reinforcement (samples R1-R8) have a tensile strength which is higher than that of the composites with nonwoven reinforcement (samples R9 and R10). Composites with 100% glass woven reinforcement (samples R7 and R8) or with large percentages of glass (samples R2 and R3) have relatively similar tensile strength and flexural modulus.
    In order to illustrate the advantages of the composites with the reinforcements according to the invention, the impact resistance of the various composites was measured. Tests were thus carried out for each fabric comprising a reinforcement according to the invention (R2, R3, R5 and R6) as well as for control composites corresponding to composites comprising nonwoven reinforcements (R9 and R10) and woven reinforcements produced with 100% linen (R1 and R4) and 100% glass (R7 and R8). Table 4 below summarizes the results obtained.
    / Tîssuî / 7 Άά> :; Fabrics I
    11111111
    Τ.Ό1 Glass
    he
    Nonwovens
    Table 4: Impact resistance of the composites in Table 2.
    As can be seen in Table 4 in which the maximum impact force and the impact depth are given for each composite, the composites comprising a reinforcement according to the invention have very good impact resistance.
    It will be noted that the composites R5 and R6 have excellent impact resistance with glass contents of 20% which are comparable to the impact resistance of the samples made up of 100% glass strands.
    The composites comprising the reinforcements according to the invention have both excellent mechanical properties, such as elasticity in bending or in satisfactory traction, and excellent impact resistance.
    Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the textile structures 5 illustrated in Figure 1, the textile structures B2, B3, B5 and B6 of Table 1 and the composites R2, R3, R5 and R6 of Table 2 constitute four examples of textile materials according to the invention and four examples of composite materials according to the invention, respectively.
    Throughout the foregoing description and in the claims, the expressions “comprising a” and “comprising a” should be understood as being synonymous respectively with the expressions “comprising at least one” and “comprising at least one” unless the contrary is specified.
    Throughout the description, the ranges of values are understood to include the limits, unless otherwise indicated.
    The invention has been described and illustrated in the present detailed description and in the Figures. The present invention is not limited, however, to the embodiments presented. Other variants and embodiments can be deduced and implemented by a person skilled in the art on reading this description and the attached drawings.
    In the claims, the term "include" does not exclude other elements or steps. The various features presented and / or claimed can be advantageously combined. Their presence in the description or in different dependent claims does not exclude this possibility. The signs referring to the drawings should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Hybrid woven textile characterized in that it comprises inorganic fibers and organic fibers and in that it was obtained by one or more of the group's methods including weaving, knitting and braiding.
    5
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Hybrid woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition by weight is from 5 to 95% of the organic fibers, from 5 to 95% of the inorganic fibers and from 0 to 20% of at least one additive, preferably from 70 to 90% of organic fibers and from 10 to 30% of inorganic fibers and from 0 to 20% of at least one additive.
    10
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Hybrid woven fabric according to claim 2 characterized in that the additive is chosen from the group comprising a size, functionalized polymers, dyes, UV absorbers, softeners, and flame retardants.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Hybrid woven fabric according to any one of the claims
    15 previous characterized in that the method of obtaining is weaving and in that it comprises:
    a content by weight of the organic fibers of between 50 to 90%, in particular between 60 to 90%, preferably between 70 and 90%, and even more preferably between 80 and 90%;
    20 - a content by weight of the inorganic fibers of between 10 and
    50%, preferably between 10 and 40%, more preferably between 10 and 30%, and even more preferably between 10 and 20%;
    - a content by weight of 0 to 10% of at least one size;
    warp threads of which between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 8, and
    Even more preferably between 2 and 5 threads per centimeter comprise organic fibers, and of which between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 8, and even more preferably between 2 and 5 threads per centimeter comprise inorganic fibers; and
    - weft threads which include one or more threads per centimeter comprising organic fibers.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Hybrid woven fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
    - inorganic fibers include one or more of the materials in the group including basalt, carbon, ceramic, silica, glass, quartz and metals such as aluminum, silver, copper and gold; and in that
    - organic fibers include one or more of the following materials: linen, hemp, cotton, jute, nettle, sisal, coconut, raffia, abaca, angora, cashmere, mohair , sheep, camel, alpaca or vicuña wool, silk, spider yarns, ie Lanital, viscose, alginate, Ardil, Arlan, Casenka, Coslan, Cupro, Fibrolane, Mérinova, Polynosique (Meryl or Zantrel), Silcool, cellulose triacetate (Rhonel), Vicara and viscose.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Hybrid woven fabric according to claim 5 characterized in that the organic fibers are flax fibers and the inorganic fibers are glass fibers.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Hybrid woven fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers have a linear mass of between 10 and 10,000 tex and a fiber diameter of between 5 and 24 µm.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Hybrid woven fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has:
    a thickness less than 30 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 4 mm, and even more preferably between 1.5 and 3 mm; and or
    - a surface mass of between 30 and 3000 g / m 2 , preferably between 100 and 2000 g / m 2 , more preferably between 100 and 1200 g / m 2 , and even more preferably between 100 and 1000 g / m 2 .
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Textile reinforcement for reinforcing a polymer matrix of a composite material, characterized in that it comprises at least one hybrid woven textile according to any one of claims 1 to 8 which is permeable to the polymer matrix .
    5 10. Textile reinforcement according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises between 2 and 15 layers of hybrid woven fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8 which is permeable to the polymer matrix.
    11. Composite characterized in that it comprises a matrix of polymer of composite material and at least one textile reinforcement according to claim 9 or 10.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 12, composite according to claim 11, characterized in that the composite polymer matrix is a polymer chosen from the group comprising polyesters, vinyl ester resins, polyurethanes (PU), poly (bismaleimides), poly lactic acid ( PLA), polyhydroxy afcanoates (PHA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamides (PA), polypropylene
    15 (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylenes (PE), polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    13. Composite according to any one of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the manufacturing method is chosen from the group comprising extrusion, infusion under vacuum or not, injection molding at
    20 low pressure liquid resin (RTM), "hand lay up", SMC ("sheet molding compound"), autoclave and BMC ("bulk molding"), and is preferably vacuum infusion.
    i — p 11 ^ ·· It i ”·· o—
    (A) (B)
    1/1
    Ι
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3481978A1|2019-05-15|
    FR3053702B1|2019-09-13|
    WO2018007692A1|2018-01-11|
    JP2019522119A|2019-08-08|
    CN109477256A|2019-03-15|
    引用文献:
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    EP1584451A1|2004-03-29|2005-10-12|Alenia Aeronautica S.P.A.|Fabrics, tows of continuous filaments and strands for forming layers of reinforcement for a composite element with a resin matrix|CN112030309A|2020-07-15|2020-12-04|武汉裕大华纺织有限公司|Acetate fiber fabric and production process thereof|FR1204132A|1958-10-09|1960-01-22|R L Nomanlin Sa|Improvements in the manufacture of laminated resinoid plastic articles|
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    FR2910462B1|2006-12-22|2010-04-23|Saint Gobain Vetrotex|GLASS YARNS FOR REINFORCING ORGANIC AND / OR INORGANIC MATERIALS|
    CN101319465A|2007-06-05|2008-12-10|陶春有|Method for producing bamboo fabric composite engineering material and product|
    JP5604874B2|2007-11-13|2014-10-15|日東紡績株式会社|Non-flammable and transparent fiber reinforced resin sheet and method for producing the same|
    CN101769421A|2008-12-29|2010-07-07|陶春有|Wood fiber composite engineering material and production method of product thereof|
    FR2949125B1|2009-08-11|2012-07-13|David Ambs|COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT BASED ON NATURAL FIBERS|
    FR3011255B1|2013-09-30|2015-09-11|Saint Gobain Adfors|FABRIC COMPRISING A TRANSPARENT, FIRE RESISTANT COATING|
    GB201414363D0|2014-08-13|2014-09-24|Cytec Ind Inc|Hybrid woven textile for composite reinforcement|
    US20170305109A1|2014-09-16|2017-10-26|Elinor ROSENTAL|Synthetic-textile hybrid fabric and means and method for manufacturing same|CN108396445A|2018-04-15|2018-08-14|中山市仕春纺织印染实业有限公司|A kind of China-hemp dimensional fabric|
    CN108926056A|2018-08-24|2018-12-04|南通纳威数码材料科技有限公司|A kind of tussah composite material|
    CN111501164A|2020-05-28|2020-08-07|泉州市六源印染织造有限公司|Breathable comfortable printing and dyeing fabric and preparation method thereof|
    CN111979626A|2020-08-26|2020-11-24|安徽正美线业科技有限责任公司|Polyethylene fiber yarn and production process thereof|
    法律状态:
    2017-06-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-01-12| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180112 |
    2018-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-07-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-07-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1656435|2016-07-05|
    FR1656435A|FR3053702B1|2016-07-05|2016-07-05|HYBRID WOVEN TEXTILE FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT|FR1656435A| FR3053702B1|2016-07-05|2016-07-05|HYBRID WOVEN TEXTILE FOR COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT|
    PCT/FR2017/000137| WO2018007692A1|2016-07-05|2017-07-04|Hybrid fabric for reinforcing composites|
    EP17745371.9A| EP3481978A1|2016-07-05|2017-07-04|Hybrid fabric for reinforcing composites|
    JP2018568911A| JP2019522119A|2016-07-05|2017-07-04|Hybrid fabric for reinforcing composites|
    CN201780042000.XA| CN109477256A|2016-07-05|2017-07-04|For enhancing the mixed textile product of composite material|
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